Charge(Q)

 

Charge(Q)

• Electric charge is the basic physical property of matter that causes it to produce or experience a force when kept in an electric or magnetic field.
• An atom has a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons revolving around it. increasing or decreasing of electron cause charge on a atom.
• Valence electrons(No of electron in outermost shell of electron) in metals are free to move within the conductor and cause flow of electric current.
• SI unit of charge is coulomb (C).
• There exists two types of charges in nature.

(i) positive charge     (ii) negative charge

 

The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is called a positive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is called negative charge.

Smallest stable charged particles are protons and electrons.

• Charge on an electron is negative and that on a proton is positive but both are equal in magnitude    i. e., 1.6 x 10^-19C
• Q=n*e where n = no of electron, e=  1.6 x 10^-19C

Properties of charge

• Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
• The.force between two charges varies directly as the product of two charges and inversely as the square of the distance (r) between both charges (q1 and q2).
• Charge can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be transferred from one body to another  i. e., charge is conserved.